From your weight and facial expressions to your destination, cars collect a startling amount of data about you.
从你的体重、面部表情到你的目的地，汽车会收集数量惊人的关于你的数据。
Some of it may even raise your insurance costs.
其中一些数据甚至可能会推高你的保险费用。
But you could taking some simple steps to limit what they knows about you.
但你可以采取一些简单措施，限制它们了解你的程度。
Cars used to means freedom.
汽车过去意味着自由。
When I first got the keys to the old family Toyota it was a rite of passage, a sign I was old enough to step away from the watchful eyes of my parents and enter a world where Times and decisions were mine alone.
当我第一次拿到家里那辆老丰田的钥匙时，那是一种成人礼，象征着我已经大到可以离开父母警惕的目光，进入一个时间和决定都只属于我自己的世界。
Things change.
事情会变。
Modern cars are computers on wheels, and giant corporations are using them to suck up intimate details about your lives and make more money.
现代汽车就是装在轮子上的电脑，而大型企业正利用它们吸走你生活中的私密细节，并从中赚更多钱。
If you think driving today is a chance for solitude and independence, think again.
如果你以为如今开车还能让你有机会独处并保持独立，那就再想想吧。
And it looks like it's about to getting a lot worse.
而且看起来情况很快会变得糟糕得多。
Car companies will telling you themselves if you wade through their privacy policies.
如果你耐着性子读完汽车公司的隐私政策，它们自己就会告诉你这些情况。
The information they harvest can include precise location data about everywhere you going, who's in the car with you, what's on the radio and whether you buckle your seatbelt, drive too fast or brake too hard.
它们收集的信息可能包括关于你去过每个地方的精确位置数据、车里和你一起的人是谁、收音机里播放什么，以及你是否系安全带、是否开得太快或刹车太猛。
Some can gather details you might not expect like your weight, age, race and facial expressions.
有些汽车还能收集你可能想不到的细节，比如你的体重、年龄、种族和面部表情。
doing you pick your nose?
你会挖鼻孔吗？
Some cars having cameras on the inside pointed at the driver's seats.
有些汽车内部装有摄像头，对准驾驶员座位。
And most come with internet connections that can ship off that data as you drive in blissful ignorance.
而且大多数汽车都带有互联网连接，可以在你开车时、在你毫无察觉的情况下把这些数据传出去。
This is a privacy problem that can cost you money.
这是一个可能让你蒙受金钱损失的隐私问题。
Among the biggest customers for car data are insurance companies, and they're using it to charge some people higher prices.
汽车数据最大的客户之一是保险公司，而它们正利用这些数据向一些人收取更高的费用。
But there's no telling where your information is going.
但谁也说不清你的信息会流向哪里。
Some car companies admit they selling your data, but they don't have to say who's buying.
一些汽车公司承认它们会出售你的数据，但它们不必说明买家是谁。
That's to say nothing of the fact that you might found it a little creepy.
更不用说，你可能还会觉得这有点令人毛骨悚然。
Most consumers, experts say, have no idea it's even happening.
专家表示，大多数消费者甚至根本不知道这种事正在发生。
"People would isn't shocked at the number of data points that their car collects and transmits to other people, either the manufacturer or third-party applications," says Darrell West, a senior fellow in the Center for Technology Innovation at the Brookings Institute in Washington DC.
华盛顿特区布鲁金斯学会技术创新中心高级研究员达雷尔·韦斯特说：“人们会对自己的汽车收集并传输给他人的数据点数量感到震惊，无论接收方是制造商还是第三方应用程序。”
"It basically means your life can be recreated almost on a second-by-second basis."
“这基本上意味着，你的生活几乎可以按秒被重建出来。”
Feeling uncomfortable yet?
已经开始感到不安了吗？
A federal law is about to increase the amount of data your car can gather about you.
一项联邦法律即将增加你的汽车可以收集的关于你的数据量。
It will soon require American car companies to install infrared biometric cameras and other systems to scan your body language, track your eyes or other aspects of your behavoiur to detect whether you're too drunk or tired to drive.
它很快将要求美国汽车公司安装红外生物识别摄像头和其他系统，用来扫描你的肢体语言、追踪你的眼睛或你行为的其他方面，以检测你是否醉酒过度或疲劳到不适合驾驶。
But it will also open up a whole new trove of data about your health and your habits.
但它也会打开一个全新的数据宝库，里面都是关于你的健康和习惯的信息。
There are no rules limiting what the car companies can do with that information.
没有规则限制汽车公司可以如何处理这些信息。
Of course, there are benefits too.
当然，这也有好处。
Internet-connected cars can be more convenient.
联网汽车可以更加方便。
The sensors they bristle with can make driving safer and more comfortable.
这些汽车密布的传感器可以让驾驶更安全、更舒适。
Insurance companies could decide to charge you less because you're such a better driver.
保险公司可能会因为你开车表现很好而决定少收你的费用。
But with automakers set to expand their data empires, this is a critical moment to understand what's happening under the hood and how it affects you.
但随着汽车制造商准备扩张它们的数据帝国，现在正是了解汽车内部正在发生什么以及它如何影响你的关键时刻。
If your car is even relatively new, it's probably involved.
如果你的车还算比较新，它很可能也牵涉其中。
The consulting firm McKinsey found 50% of cars on the road in 2021 had internet connections and predicted the number will rise to 95% by 2030.
咨询公司麦肯锡发现，2021年道路上行驶的汽车中有50%具备互联网连接功能，并预测这一比例到2030年将升至95%。
If your car is hooked up to the internet, privacy is almost certainly an issue you need to care about.
如果你的汽车连上了互联网，隐私几乎肯定就是一个你需要关心的问题。
Car companies can also snoop when you hook your phone up to the infotainment system, or if you use certain apps made for driving.
当你把手机连接到信息娱乐系统，或者使用某些为驾驶设计的应用程序时，汽车公司也可能进行窥探。
Some drivers also use insurance companies' telemetrics system, which monitor you in exchange for potential discounts.
一些驾驶员还会使用保险公司的遥测系统，让它监测自己，以换取可能的折扣。
A 2023 analysis by Mozilla, the maker of the Firefox browser, examined the privacy policies of 25 car brands.
Firefox浏览器的开发商Mozilla在2023年的一项分析中，审查了25个汽车品牌的隐私政策。
Every one failed to meet the privacy and security standards that Mozilla uses to compare brands.
每一家都未能达到 Mozilla 用来比较各品牌的隐私和安全标准。
Mozilla said cars were "the worst product category we have ever reviewed for privacy".
Mozilla表示，汽车是“我们在隐私方面评测过的最糟糕的产品类别”。
According to the report, car companies reserve the right to collect details including your name, age, race, weight, financial details, facial expressions, psychological trends and more.
根据这份报告，汽车公司保留收集各类信息的权利，包括你的姓名、年龄、种族、体重、财务资料、面部表情、心理趋势等等。
Kia's privacy policy, for example, suggests the company may even collect details about your "sex life" and general health.
例如，起亚的隐私政策显示，该公司甚至可能收集有关你的“性生活”和总体健康状况的细节。
Kia spokesperson James Bell says the company has never actually collected data on drivers' sex lives or health.
起亚发言人詹姆斯·贝尔表示，该公司实际上从未收集过有关驾驶者性生活或健康状况的数据。
These details only appear in Kia's privacy policy because the company is listing California's definition of "sensitive data", he says.
他说，这些细节之所以出现在起亚的隐私政策中，只是因为该公司列出了加利福尼亚州对“敏感数据”的定义。
Bell says Kia's privacy practices are transparent and the company only shares data with insurance companies if drivers opt in.
贝尔说，起亚的隐私做法是透明的，而且该公司只有在驾驶者选择加入时，才会与保险公司共享数据。
The company did not explain what kinds of "sensitive data" it does collect, however.
不过，该公司并未解释它确实收集的是哪些类型的“敏感数据”。
Some of that might be hard to picture, but cars are littered with sensors: in the seats, the dashboard, the engine, the steering wheel, you name it.
其中一些可能很难想象，但汽车里到处都是传感器：座椅里、仪表盘上、发动机里、方向盘中，凡是你想得到的地方都有。
Many cars, for example, have cameras inside and out.
例如，许多汽车内外都装有摄像头。
If you're doing something in a modern car, chances are there's a way for companies to learn about it.
如果你在一辆现代汽车里做了什么事，公司很可能就有办法得知。
Mozilla found 19 of the car companies said they might sell your data, and that's exactly what's happening.
Mozilla 发现，有 19 家汽车公司表示它们可能会出售你的数据，而这正是正在发生的事。
For example, both state and federal agencies in the US took action against General Motors (GM) for allegedly selling car location data without consent.
例如，美国州级和联邦机构都因通用汽车（GM）涉嫌在未经同意的情况下出售汽车位置数据而对其采取了行动。
US Senators have accused Honda and Hyundai of similar practices – and these are just the examples the public knows about.
美国参议员指控本田和现代也有类似做法，而这些还只是公众所知道的例子。
"They're taking all the information they collect on you, which is a lot, and using it to make inferences about who you are, how intelligent you are, what your psychological profile is, what your political beliefs are," says Jen Caltrider, a privacy analyst who led Mozilla's car research.
领导 Mozilla 汽车研究的隐私分析师珍·卡尔特赖德说：“它们拿走了收集到的关于你的所有信息，而这些信息很多，并用它来推断你是什么样的人、你有多聪明、你的心理画像是什么、你的政治信念是什么。”
"That's the stuff people don't necessarily think about."
“这些就是人们未必会想到的东西。”
There are basically no rules about who can buy this data or what its used for, Caltrider says.
卡尔特赖德说，基本上没有规则规定谁可以买这些数据，或这些数据可用于什么用途。
It can be used to market things to you.
它可以被用来向你推销东西。
Companies could used it in hiring decisions.
公司可能会在招聘决策中使用这些数据。
Law enforcement can buy car data when they can't get a search warrant.
执法部门在拿不到搜查令时，可以购买汽车数据。
Once it leaves your dashboard, you've no control over where it ends up.
一旦它离开你的仪表盘，你就无法控制它最终流向哪里。
This is about more than companies snooping on your private life.
这件事不只是公司窥探你的私生活这么简单。
For example, General Motors sold driver information to a company called LexisNexis, a data broker that buys and sells details about consumers.
例如，通用汽车把驾驶者信息卖给了一家名为LexisNexis的公司；这是一家数据经纪商，买卖消费者的详细信息。
A driver who got a copy of that data reportedly found LexisNexis had 130 pages of information, detailing every trip he and his wife took over six months.
据报道，一名司机拿到这份数据副本后发现，LexisNexis掌握了130页信息，详细记录了他和妻子在六个月内的每一次出行。
He told the New York Times that after his insurance costs jumped 21%, an insurance agent told him the data was a factor.
他告诉《纽约时报》，在他的保险费用上涨21%后，一名保险代理人告诉他，这些数据是一个因素。
LexisNexis did not respond to a request for comment.
LexisNexis 没有回应置评请求。
The US Federal Trade Commission took action, and GM is now barred from selling vehicle data for five years – but it's free to resume the practice afterwards so long as it obtains express consent from drivers and follows other conditions.
美国联邦贸易委员会采取了行动，通用汽车目前被禁止在五年内出售车辆数据，但只要它获得驾驶员的明确同意并遵守其他条件，之后仍可自由恢复这一做法。
Meanwhile, LexisNexis and other companies are still selling vehicle data they get from other car manufactures and apps the people use while driving.
与此同时，LexisNexis 和其他公司仍在出售它们从其他汽车制造商以及人们驾驶时使用的应用程序那里获得的车辆数据。
GM and LexisNexis did not respond to requests for comment.
通用汽车和LexisNexis没有回应置评请求。
Deals between insurance companies, car makers and data brokers are widespread, and as long as the practices are spelled out in privacy policies you agree to, it's all perfectly legal.
保险公司、汽车制造商和数据经纪商之间的交易非常普遍，只要这些做法在你同意的隐私政策中写明，它们就完全合法。
"Insurance companies have been collecting vast amounts of consumer data, especially on consumer driving data, and using it to try and charge people higher premiums, deny coverage or slice and dice consumers into various categories," says Michael DeLong, a research and advocacy advocate who covers auto insurance for the Consumer Federation of America, a US-based non-profit.
美国非营利组织美国消费者联合会负责汽车保险研究和倡导工作的迈克尔·德隆说：“保险公司一直在收集大量消费者数据，尤其是消费者驾驶数据，并利用这些数据试图向人们收取更高保费、拒绝承保，或把消费者细分到各种类别中。”
Car companies say they get their permission before tracking you.
汽车公司称，它们在追踪你之前会获得用户的许可。
In practice, that usually means agreeing to forms and privacy policies when you set up the infotainment system or apps connected to your car.
实际操作中，这通常意味着你在设置车载信息娱乐系统或与汽车连接的应用时，要同意相关表格和隐私政策。
In some vehicles they pop up every time you start the engine.
在一些车辆中，每次你启动发动机时它们都会弹出来。
Did you read them?
你读过它们吗？
Of course not.
当然没有。
In the US, there is no privacy law at the national level.
在美国，国家层面没有隐私法。
Protections in individual states are piecemeal, and according to some privacy experts, they don't go far enough.
各州的保护措施零散不成体系，而且一些隐私专家认为，这些措施还远远不够。
The picture is a little better in Europe, including the UK, where there are special protections for certain sensitive categories of information and consumers have some rights that let them access their data and tell companies to delete it.
欧洲的情况稍好一些，包括英国在内，那里对某些敏感类别的信息有特别保护，消费者也拥有一些权利，可以访问自己的数据，并要求公司删除这些数据。
But it's not a solved problem in Europe either.
但在欧洲，这也不是一个已经解决的问题。
"Europeans are still beholden to privacy policies," Caltrider says.
卡尔特赖德说：“欧洲人仍然受制于隐私政策。”
"And you have to count on the regulations to be followed and enforced, and that's something that's not always happening, with cars especially."
“而且你还得指望这些法规会被遵守和执行，但这并不总是会发生，尤其是在汽车领域。”
The problem isn't new, but there are reasons to think it's accelerating.
这个问题并不新鲜，但有理由认为它正在加速恶化。
US law mandates that car manufactures will soon need to install " advanced impaired-driving prevention technology " in new passenger vehicles within the next few years.
美国法律规定，在未来几年内，汽车制造商很快需要在新的乘用车中安装“先进的受损驾驶预防技术”。
The technology is meant to stop people from driving if they're drunk, tired or unfit to drive using infrared cameras or other systems.
这项技术旨在利用红外摄像头或其他系统，在人们醉酒、疲劳或不适合驾驶时阻止他们开车。
The problem, Caltrider and others say, is the law includes zero provisions that address what happens to the data these systems create.
Caltrider 等人说，问题在于这项法律完全没有条款规定这些系统生成的数据该如何处理。
A spokesperson for the US National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) – which is charged with enforcing the rule – says "NHTSA is committed to reducing impaired driving fatalities using every tools at our disposal", and it "continues to address critical and complex topics" such as privacy concerns.
负责执行这一规定的美国国家公路交通安全管理局（NHTSA）一名发言人表示，“NHTSA 致力于利用我们掌握的一切工具来减少受损驾驶造成的死亡人数”，并且该机构“会继续处理关键而复杂的议题”，例如隐私担忧。
It's likely the implantation of this law will be delayed because the technology isn't ready, but privacy advocates are sounding the alarm.
由于技术尚未准备就绪，这项法律的实施很可能会被推迟，但隐私倡导者已经敲响警钟。
"We need to keep drunk drivers off the road, and it would be great if there was a guarantee that the data won't be used for other purposes, but that's not what's happening," says Caltrider.
卡尔特赖德说：“我们需要让酒驾者远离道路，如果能保证这些数据不会被用于其他目的，那当然很好，但现实并非如此。”
"So many of the data collecting advances we see in cars are done under the guise of safety."
“我们在汽车中看到的许多数据收集技术进步，都是以安全为幌子实现的。”
It could hand the auto industry a trove of what amounts to medical information with no safeguards in place.
这可能会把大量相当于医疗信息的数据交到汽车行业手中，而且没有任何保障措施。
• TikTok is tracking you, even if you don't use TikTok
• 即使你不使用 TikTok，它也在追踪你。
• People are selling your home address online.
• 有人在网上出售你的家庭住址。
This privacy tool will help
这个隐私工具会有所帮助
• Your phone's blue light isn't ruining your sleep
• 你手机的蓝光并不会毁掉你的睡眠
Like so many privacy problems, the car data problem isn't one you can solve entirely, but there are steps you can take.
和许多隐私问题一样，汽车数据问题并不是你能彻底解决的，但你可以采取一些措施。
For one, "do not enrol in the insurance telematics programme if you've got any concerns about privacy", DeLong says.
德隆说，首先，“如果你对隐私有任何担忧，就不要加入保险遥测项目”。
The privacy risks are significant and the payoff isn't a guarantee.
隐私风险很大，而回报并没有保证。
An analysis from the state of Maryland found 31% of drivers saw their insurance rates drop, but prices went up for 24% of drivers and 45% found no change.
马里兰州的一项分析发现，31%的驾驶者看到自己的保险费率下降，但24%的驾驶者价格上涨，45%的驾驶者没有发现变化。
In the UK, the EU and some US states, you can request a copy of the data companies collect on you and can opt out of having that data sold or shared.
在英国、欧盟以及美国一些州，你可以要求获取公司收集的关于你的数据副本，也可以选择不让这些数据被出售或共享。
You can also demand that companies delete it.
你也可以要求公司删除这些数据。
You can find links to the big car manufacturers' privacy tools here.
你可以在这里找到大型汽车制造商隐私工具的链接。
Some car manufactures offer privacy settings you can adjust that may limit the sharing and collection of data.
一些汽车制造商提供可调节的隐私设置，可能会限制数据的共享和收集。
Look for options in the settings of your car's infotainment system and any accompanying app that works with your car.
在你汽车的信息娱乐系统设置中，以及任何与你的汽车配套使用的应用程序中，查找相关选项。
Consumer Reports (where I used to work) has a detailed guide you can use with more information.
《消费者报告》（我曾在那里工作）有一份你可以参考的详细指南，其中包含更多信息。
Steps like these can help, Caltrider says, but it shouldn't be your responsibility to do a bunch of work to stop companies from violating your privacy.
卡尔特赖德说，这类步骤可能会有所帮助，但你不应该有责任做一大堆事情来阻止公司侵犯你的隐私。
"Until the whole game changes, until we own our data and we control our data, and companies have to ask us for permission to use it, I think this issue is just going to keep getting worse and worse."
“除非整个规则发生改变，除非我们拥有自己的数据并能控制自己的数据，而且公司必须征得我们的许可才能使用它，否则我认为这个问题只会变得越来越糟。”
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